Cook's Corner - the ABCs of Cheese

Mary James Captions

"What got me into cheese? I guess you'd say, cheese got into me," says author Laura Werlin, with a chuckle.

Werlin remembers mining her grandmother's eggplant parmigiana for nuggets of melted cheese. Gooey grilled cheese - Kraft singles on white bread - was another childhood hit. "Any melted cheese was OK in my book," she adds.

Those memories no doubt helped propel Werlin from a career in TV journalism to food writing.

"I thought, 'I have to write a book about cheese - American cheese,'" she said "The 'have to' part, though, will always remain a bit of a mystery to me for the rest of my life."

Her first book, "The New American Cheese" (Abrams, $35) published in 2000, was followed by "The All American Cheese and Wine Book," which earned a James Beard Award. Her latest book, "Laura Werlin's Cheese Essentials" (Stewart, Tabori & Chang, $24.95), an easy-to-digest guide that ranges from dairies to dinner parties, adds to her reputation as a consumer-friendly cheese ambassador.

"I don't come to what I do as an expert," says Werlin, who is a spokeswoman for the California Milk Advisory Board. "I set out to answer my questions about cheese. I figured if I had these questions, others did, too."

Today, Werlin believes, cheese made in the United States is following the same upward trajectory as U.S. wine. "Wine drinkers once disparaged American wine, then slowly began to learn great wine is being made here," she says. "Now cheese aficionados are learning the same applies to cheese."

Parties - whether it's after-work cocktails with colleagues or a New Year's bash - are perfect times to indulge your appetite for cheese. With Werlin's help, here's a primer on selecting, storing and serving it with flair and finesse.

In classes at food and wine festivals, Werlin doesn't hesitate to pick "The World's Best Cheeses," as she did at the 2007 Aspen Food and Wine Classic. But she demurs when asked to choose a "desert island" cheese.
"If I have a cheese that is exceptionally well made, in that moment it is my favorite. It will melt me," she says. "It will every time."

Martinis, Bubbles, Reds or Whites?

For fancy celebrations, "what better time to break out the bubbly?" Werlin says. "Sparkling wine and cheese go together nicely. The bubbles cut the richness and saltiness."

Pinot noir, Rhone wines and other medium-bodied reds are tasty companions for winter-hearty cheeses such as cheddars, Stilton and other semi-hard varieties. Avoid quaffing bold cabernet sauvignons with cheese: "They are either too big for the cheese, or the cheese will accent the tannins in the wine and make it taste bitter."

Whites - especially unappreciated rieslings - are Werlin's favorites. "Today rieslings aren't the ones we had before we were 21," she says. "Other higher acid, lighter whites like pinot grigio and sauvignon blanc are good. Stay away from oaky chardonnays, because you'll only taste the oak."
Sweet cocktails like Cosmos aren't cheese-friendly, but martinis with olives are a match with goat cheese, and bitter cocktails such as Manhattans can be sipped with an aged Gouda.

The Cheese Course

First, last or intermezzo?

Tradition, especially in Europe, calls for serving cheese after the meal, Werlin notes. The idea that cheese is too filling after dinner is a misconception, she adds. "One way around this is to serve only one great cheese. If you want to serve more, cut and plate it before the guests get there so you can control the portions." Toasted or candied nuts and a dessert wine are festive pairings.

Cheese can be an appetizer, too, but Werlin cautions, "Don't have a huge amount. Your friends will be full before they come to the table because people don't stop when it comes to cheese." Avoid "meaty" blue cheeses and keep the accompaniments savory; olives are a good choice.

Cheese can also be a bridge between the meal and dessert. A dollop of fig jam or honey served with a rich triple-creme cheese eases the transition from savory to sweet, she says.

Cracker or Bread?

A plain baguette is the "most neutral host" for cheese, Werlin believes. "You really want to taste the cheese. Crackers work, too, but not the flavored ones. These days there's a wider variety to choose from that don't overwhelm the cheese."

For an after-dinner cheese course, Werlin suggests an artisan bread sweetened with raisins, dried figs or apples.


An American Cheese Tasting: 11 to Savor

Spicy candied walnuts pair well with all of these cheeses. Try apple chutney with the cheddar and aged gouda, and your favorite honey with the blue cheeses.

Haystack Mountain Red Cloud: This Colorado washed-rind cheese has buttery flavors not typical of goat cheese, along with hints of bacon and nuts.

Bayley Hazen Blue: Jasper Hill Farms in Vermont makes this crumbly but creamy blue cheese, which is aged four to six months. Savory and salty, it is the "closest to Stilton we have in this country," Werlin says.

Pleasant Ridge Reserve: Awards continue to pour in for this semi-hard Alpine-style cheese from Uplands Cheese company in Wisconsin. "Nutty, fruity, buttery and grassy - it's the best of all cheeses in one bite," says Werlin.

Flagship Reserve: This cheddar from Beecher's Handmade Cheese Company in Seattle was ranked top cheddar in this year's American Cheese Society competition. Savory, nutty and earthy, "it's everything a cheddar should be - and more," Werlin says.

SarVecchio Parmesan: "The closest thing to Parmigiano-Reggiano made in this country" is how Werlin describes this hard cheese from Wisconsin's Sartori Foods. Sweet and salty flavors have caramel overtones.

Everona Piedmont: Everona Dairy in Virginia makes this award-winning aged sheep's milk cheese. Rich, nutty flavors combine to taste "a little like browned butter," Werlin says.

Carmody: Made from Jersey cow milk by Bellwether Farms in California's Sonoma County and aged six months, Carmody is semi-soft, tangy, buttery and mild. Werlin loves it melted.

Humboldt Fog: A soft-ripened goat cheese made by Cypress Grove Chevre in California. Tangy and creamy with a signature layer of edible vegetable ash under the skin and across the center. Serve with olives or dried apricots.

Rouge et Noir Triple Creme Brie: From Marin French Cheese Co. in California, this cow's milk cheese took top honors in a 2005 international brie competition. "It tastes like butter - what more do you need to know?" Laura Werlin says.

Winchester Sharp Gouda: Aged six months, this award-winner is made in the Dutch traditional style by Winchester Cheese Co. in California. "Assertive, complex, delicious cheese," Werlin says.

Local Alert! One of the few remaining places that produces a hand-made blue cheese in the finest craft tradition, Clemson University makes possibly the best domestic blue cheese you'll ever taste. Aged for six months, this delicious artisan cheese is a South Carolina Treasure.


From Store to Table

If possible, buy cheese at a store that offers tastes. "You don't know what a cheese tastes like until you try it," Werlin says. "If you can't taste, buy the smallest piece you can find to take home to try. Don't be afraid to experiment."

At home, rewrap the cheese in wax paper before putting it in a plastic bag - "otherwise you'll get the taste of plastic." Remove cheese from the refrigerator at least an hour before serving to bring it to room temperature. "The exception is very creamy cheese," Werlin notes. "Take them out for no more than an hour so they don't become too runny."

If you are going to cut and plate cheese to serve later, cover it lightly with plastic wrap so it doesn't dry out.

Does cheese go bad? "Yes, but it is more forgiving than it gets credit for," Werlin says. Brie past its prime smells like ammonia and looks gray and sagging. Toss fresh cheeses if they smell sour.

Mold on harder cheeses "is natural. Cut it off with a sharp knife and you'll find pristine cheese underneath," she says.

Perfect Partners

Rieslings are ideal wines with cheese. Here are three selections:

- 2005 Charter Riesling from Barth ($22.95), with candied citrus flavors and a bold acid backbone, works well with rich cheese.

- 2005 Blees-Ferber Riesling Kabinett ($18.95), a dry-style riesling from Mosel with stone-fruit and citrus flavors and a finish of sliced red apple, is delicious with softer cheeses.

- 2005 Barth Riesling Spatlese ($24.95), a semi-dry or sweeter riesling, has peach, tangerine and honey flavors and big acidity.
More on German wines can be found at trulyfinewine.com.


Cheese Talk

Blue: A complex process involving the interaction of Penicillium roqueforti mold and air creates the telltale veining in Stilton, gorgonzola and other cheeses in this group. Salty and musty flavors sometimes have smoky or bacon overtones. Avoid any with an ammonia scent.

Chevre: French for goat, it usually refers to fresh cheese made with pasteurized goat's milk.

Hard cheese: Salty-sweet Parmigiano-Reggiano sums up this group's characteristics - aged and often salted and/or pressed until they become hard; medium-strong to strong flavors; often grated for cooking.

Fresh cheese: Think ricotta, cottage cheese and fresh mozzarella. These cheeses have not been ripened or aged. Taste is mild.

Rind: The exterior layer of the cheese formed during the aging process. Should you eat it? No, Werlin says, if it is waxy or has cheese cloth clinging to it. Otherwise - "It depends," she says. "Technically, most rinds are edible, ... but by eating it, you are most likely detracting from the flavors and texture of the cheese." As for the soft rind on brie and the like, there's no right or wrong, so eat it if you like.

Semi-hard: Aging reduces the moisture content to below 50 percent. The cheddars, Goudas and Gruyeres in this group are buttery and earthy with nutty overtones. They last for a long time.

Semi-soft: These cheeses, including Monterey Jack, Havarti and Bel Paese, are 50 to 75 percent moisture because they are aged for two months or less. Most are pale in color and mild-sweet in flavor.

Soft-ripened: Creamy brie and camembert are typical. Mold is added during the cheese-making process so that the cheese ripens from the rind inward. Buttery flavors and creamy texture create what Werlin calls "the stuff of dreams."

Surface-ripened: Molds or bacteria on the surface of the cheese ripen it and create the characteristically wrinkled rind. Tall and cylindrical, these are mild to mushroomy in flavor. Le Chevrot is typical.

Washed rind: Orange, pinkish or tan rinds are hallmarks of this group, which includes munster and Taleggio. Rinds are washed with liquids inoculated with B. linens bacteria. Salty and often smelly - "like old gym socks, which is a good thing," Werlin says. Remove the rind for a milder taste.

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